IP Spoofing

IP spoofing is one of the techniques that are widely used on the internet to conceal or falsify the source IP address so that the origin of the packet network can not be tracked or to trick the destination computer.

Ip spoofing analogy is as follows: Imagine you want to send a threatening letter to someone, and you certainly do not want people who you threaten to know that a threatening letter was from you. So what you do is send a letter with the name and address of another person so that you will be safe and untraceable.

Why do people do IP spoofing? There are two goals less than both commonly associated with the use of IP spoofing:

1. Submitting a package of garbage in large quantities in order to experience the destination computer overload. Imagine someone sending anonymous letters in the hundreds or even thousands of course this will make you angry that you might throw away all your letters, whereas among the piles of junk mail, there are some important letters.

2. Fool the destination computer so that he would think that the packets sent from the computer that can be trusted. Imagine you received a letter from the village and bearing the Jakarta government, contains notices of new legislation that will be charges a fee for the malaria mosquito spraying by 10 thousand. Of course, if tomorrow somebody comes to collect, there will not be suspicious and give the money, even though that person is a fake officer who had sent a fake letter the day before.

Two things are common scenarios with respect to IP spoofing, but in practice in the IT world, there are various possibilities where IP spoofing techniques can be applied. I hope the concept of IP spoofing can already understand, now let's see in detail, what is happening in the network when the IP spoofing occurs.

Examples of Normal Communication In normal situations, to communicate in the network each data packet must have a label sender / from / source and destination / to / destination. The figure below shows the normal communication that occurs where the sending computer uses the correct information about himself as the sender, this will facilitate the communication server to answer that ensued.

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6 Tips For Optimal Computer Speed

Have you ever been in the middle working on your computer and suddenly it froze, crashed or came to a slow crawl? And you had to restart, lost your work, lost time and felt so enraged that if you had an ax...STOP! Don’t kill the computer. Here are 6 tips on how to speed up a computer.

1. INCREASE VIRTUAL MEMORY:

Virtual memory is the space your computer uses when it's short of RAM (Random Access Memory), which is the memory used when running programs like Office Suites.

Resetting the virtual memory usage on your computer, also referred to as pagination, is great way speed up a computer.

To access and reset the Virtual Memory:

On the Start menu,click My Computer. The My Computer window is displayed. Click View System Information. The Systems Properties dialog box is displayed. In the Systems Properties dialog box click the Advanced tab. Under Performance, click Settings. The Performance Options dialog box is displayed.

In the Performance Options dialog box, click the Advanced tab. Find the Virtual memory area. Click Change. The Virtual Memory dialog box is displayed. There you can make changes to the custom pagination. DO NOT exceed the limit given in the properties box of your windows system.

2. STORING FILES ON THE MAIN DRIVE:

Do not store lots of data on the main drive, which is where you install your windows operating system. Storing software like games, finance programs and other software on another drive of your computer is another way to speed up a computer’s performance.

3. RESETTING START UP MENU:

The speed with which your computer boots depends on the amount of programs that are set to be started automatically at booting. Removing unnecessary and unwanted programs from the start up process can greatly speed up a computer at the start up level.

4. TURN OFF SYSTEM RESTORE:

Having the system restore option on takes a lot of space from the hard drive. Freeing up a lot of physical memory by turning off system restore can significantly speed up a computer.

To access and turn off System Restore:

Click START, then click ACCESSORIES, then click SYSTEM TOOLS, then click SYSTEM RESTORE. Once there you can edit settings and then turn off the system restore option.

5. CLEANING INTERNET CACHE AND COOKIES:

Temporary Internet files affect browser speed. Regularly cleaning the cache and cookies will make your browser and computer perform at a faster speed.

To Clean Internet Cache and Cookies:

click Tools from your browser toolbar and click on Internet Options to delete and clear cache and cookies. This should be done on a regular basis to ensure ongoing improvement of computer performance and browser speed.

6. DEFRAGMENTING THE DISK:

Regularly defragmenting the drive will speed up a computer.

This tool can be accessed from the Start Menu then Accessories then System Tools.

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Tips to Building a Comprehensive Protection Strategy

Computer viruses can harm computer systems to varying degrees; from being a nuisance to crippling a system. Regardless of the extent, when a computer does get infected, it creates an unnecessary expense to either the business or the home. Unfortunately, installing a virus protection program isn't all you need to do anymore to be protected. The following tips will help you to build a strategy for protecting yourself from future infections.

Install antivirus software and keep it up to date. While it isn't all you need to do, it is the minimum amount of protection you should have. A search of the internet for the term 'antivirus software' will turn up numerous respectable antivirus programs that can be used, some of them even free for home users. Regardless of which program you use, make sure it is kept up-to-date on a daily basis. Almost all programs allow you to automate this process.

Keep your software updated. And I don't just mean Microsoft products. Some programs are more important than others but all programs are susceptible to having mistakes that need fixing. Even the Mac OS has patches that should be installed. The Microsoft products can be addressed by using the Automatic Updates software however, we'd recommend contacting your computer administrator on how to best configure your settings.

Use a Spam filtering service for your email. This can benefit you in two ways. First, it reduces the amount of junk mail that comes into your network reducing the chances of a user accidently opening an infected attachment. Second, should an affected file be sent to your email, the service will filter it before it ever gets to your network, reducing the risk of it infecting anyone else.

Create and enforce a policy limiting what software users can install. Arguably the least costly yet most difficult to implement tip, limiting what software your users are allowed to install on their systems can have a big impact on the success of your virus protection strategy. If users are not accustomed to installing software, they will be less likely to accidentally install an affected program if prompted to do so. Additionally, if the users do not need to be installing software, IT administrators can lock down the PCs to further reduce the chance of an infected program being installed.

Use OpenDNS. A free service that allows a business, or home user, the ability to watch and filter all internet traffic. Policies can be setup to block certain types of traffic or even specific sites. The service also maintains its own list of blocked sites to help protect users from going to a site that is known to be infected or contain malicious content. Whether you are trying to protect a small network at your house or the one in your office, these six tips can help you to build a comprehensive strategy to reduce your exposure to a computer virus attack.

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Software Piracy

Software piracy is the unauthorized copying of software. Most retail programs are licensed for use at just one computer site or for use by only one user at any time. By buying the software, you become a licensed user rather than an owner. You are allowed to make copies of the program for backup purposes, but it is against the law to give copies to friends and colleagues.

Software piracy is all but impossible to stop, although software companies are launching more and more lawsuits against major infractors. Originally, software companies tried to stop software piracy by copy-protecting their software.

This strategy failed, however, because it was inconvenient for users and was not 100 percent foolproof. Most software now requires some sort of registration, which may discourage would-be pirates, but doesn’t really stop software piracy.

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Discussion Lists

If you participate in discussion lists, which allow advertising, or you maintain "Bulk Emailing Lists", please don’t make a pest of yourself. If your name is seen too often, then some people will NEVER join you. They will send unsubscribe requests. If you are on a

discussion list, people may unsubscribe or just ignore you. Make yourself a pest and you will defeat yourself. This is called loss of mind share. Another reason some people are tolerant of un-solicited e-mail is that all it takes is a couple of keystrokes and offending mail is gone.

If they do not like what the person is sending (such as, solicitation to visit or receive pornography) they are willing to write a polite email and ask to be deleted from their mailing list. I have never been refused. Perhaps Mr. Internet BEAR has a use after all.

One type of Bulk E-mail is acceptable for all occasions. This Bulk E-mail is one where a person has asked to be placed on the list. It is this type of e-mail whether it is a newsletter or a discussion list that has always been accepted on the Internet.

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E-mailing

E-mailing a person for the first time may be a little bit tricky. When posting to anyone for the first time, there are several things to keep in mind. One should keep in mind that one may be violating a person’s carefully guarded privacy or violating a personal or company or other rule someone thought up. Be polite.

And be prepared for a wide range of welcomes from friendly to outright rude and crude. On the other hand, you may be extending a hand of friendship, which will develop into a relationship for life.

In general, there are three types of e-mail communities as defined by economic pressure. In these groups, there are three types of individuals:

1. Those who like to talk via email and will accept almost anything at least once and enjoy the Internet for personal reasons;
2. Those who are online for business; entertainment is the least of what they want to get online;
3. Those who may be a member online purely for their own reasons and do not want to
4. be bothered by anyone except the privileged few they let in.

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Internet address

It is an Internet address. While you are in your browser (which you are probably in now) you will see a section at the top of the page that is titled “location”. If you type in the address of someone’s web page and hit enter, your browser will take you to that page. However the address you type in the location bar must be an exact match.

Load
It means download and upload. If someone asks how long did the page take to load? He/She is referring to the time it takes a page to appear on your screen. If a web page is loading slowly it means that it’s taking a long time to fully appear on your screen. You can often scroll through a page and look at the parts that have loaded while the rest of the page continues to load. Also, you can usually click a link on the page you are loading and link to another page without waiting for the current page to fully load.

Once you access to the Internet you are online. Often people will say they are online meaning they have access to the Internet and have an e-mail address, but may not necessarily be connected to the Internet at that moment.

What you need while surfing the web. Some web pages seem to take forever to fully appear on your screen - [Patience].

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Newsgroups

Also called Usenet, they are groups that often have nothing to do with news. Newsgroups are a worldwide system of ongoing discussion groups among people on the Internet who share a mutual interest.

There are a large number of newsgroups available. Discussion is not in real time; it is done through leaving messages and reading messages that other people have left. If you can think of a subject you can probably find a Newsgroup for it.

If you have an interest in a subject, the Newsgroups are well worth your time. To learn how to use Newsgroups, just check out the help section of your browser.

Word Of Caution: Never give your real (permanent) E-Mail address in the Newsgroups.

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Spam (or Spamming)

It is generally agreed that Spam is unwanted email. Many believe that Spammers are abusers of the email system.

Spam is an ugly word that is over used and means any unsolicited e-mail, one e-mail or dozens or hundreds of thousands. Many individuals do not mind a little of it. They are afraid of missing an opportunity to meet a new friend or of finding a useful service or business opportunity. Other individuals make studies of what is said on these e mails. One can really get an education on ad writing from these e-mails.

Still others even sign up for the mailing lists or participate in an activity, which makes them a target for unsolicited mails. Still other individuals do “Unsolicited Bulk E-mail” and know the cost is to receive "Unsolicited Bulk E-mail” in return. It is one cost of doing “Unsolicited Bulk E mail." If you participate in discussion lists, which allow advertising, or you maintain "Bulk E- mailing Lists", please don’t make a pest of yourself. If your name is seen too often, then some people will NEVER join you. They will send unsubscribe requests. If you are on a discussion list, people may unsubscribe or just ignore you. Make yourself a pest and you will defeat yourself. This is called loss of mind share.

Another reason some people are tolerant of un-solicited e-mail is that all it takes is a couple of keystrokes and offending mail is gone. If they do not like what the person is sending (such as, solicitation to visit or receive pornography) they are willing to write a polite email and ask to be deleted from their mailing list.

I have never been refused. Perhaps Mr. Internet BEAR has a use after all. One type of Bulk E-mail is acceptable for all occasions. This Bulk E-mail is one where a person has asked to be placed on the list. It is this type of e-mail whether it be a newsletter like this one or a discussion list that has always been accepted on the Internet.

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What is Cookie

A "cookie" is an Internet site’s way of keeping track of you. It’s a small program built into a web page you might visit. Typically you won’t know when you are receiving cookies. Ideally a cookie could make your surfing easier by identifying you, tracking sites you visit, topics you search, and get a general feel for your preferences. This can make surfing easier, faster, more personal, and more efficient. It can also be used to collect your e-mail address for marketing (spamming) purposes.

You can set your browser to warn you before you accept cookies or not accept them at all. Check your (advanced) browser settings. Keep in mind that some secure sites, such as stock trading sites, won’t work if you don’t accept their cookies.

First Party Cookies is an Cookies from the site you are visiting.

Third Party Cookies is Cookies from a different site than the one you are visiting. For example, on About.com if there is a Double-click add on the page there is probably also a Double-click cookie.

Session Cookies. Temporary cookies used as long as you are accessing a site. For example, when you log onto About.com a session cookie is created. Each time you visit another About.com forum or post a message it uses this session cookie. Without this session cookie you would have to log in each time you post a message or visit another forum.

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Check For Viruses

Malicious virus code can infect your files and cause you to lose important data. This guide explains how to install an anti-virus program to protect your PC.

What Are Viruses?
Computer viruses are malicious programs designed to cause annoyance and even damage to computer data. They spread by infecting files and by automatically sending e-mails to everyone in your address book. There are new virus threats everyday. It is essential to take steps to protect your PC.

What Can I Do About Them?
If you suspect you already have a virus on your computer, or if you just want to keep your computer safe from the threat of viruses, there are several virus-detection programs which will scan your system and let you know if any malicious programs have been found.

There are many commercial and free anti-virus programs available on the Web, all with different features and levels of security. This tutorial uses AVG Anti-Virus.

Download AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition
AVG Anti-Virus can be downloaded from the AVG website. Scroll down the page and click Download Free Version. Under the Windows section, click the link to download the file under AVG Free for Windows installation files. Click OK to save the file to your PC. Scroll down the page and click Download Free Version. Under the Windows section, click the link to download the file under AVG Free for Windows installation files. Click OK to save the file to your PC.

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View Your IP Address

First, what is an IP address? The technical definition goes something like this: "An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a 32-binary digit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet.

When you request an HTML page or send e-mail, the Internet Protocol part of TCP/IP includes your IP address in the information." To find out what your IP address is, click on START | RUN. Type in "WINIPCFG" without the quotes.

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View The Source Of A Web Page

Ever wondered what a web page looks like underneath all the colors and pictures? Well, wonder no more. Next time you're on a web page go to the top of your screen and click on VIEW | SOURCE

Easy Access Dictionary Button
Have you ever been reading something on the web and come to a word that you don't know the meaning of? Dictionary.Com offers an easy access button that sits right on the tool bar in your browser.

Once the button is installed, all you need to do is highlight the mystery word and click the button. You'll be taken right to the definition of the word.

Filling Out Online Forms
When you're filling out a form on a web page, it can get a bit tedious typing in your name, then grabbing for the mouse to get to the next text field. There is an easier way to get from one text field to the next. Just hit the TAB key on your keyboard. To move back through the spaces, hit SHIFT + TAB.

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